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John Ronald Reuel Tolkien, commonly known as J.R.R. Tolkien, was
a renowned British writer, scholar, and linguist, born on January 3, 1892, in Bloemfontein,
South Africa, and passing away on September 2, 1973, in Bournemouth, England.
He is best known for his groundbreaking contributions to the fantasy genre and
is considered one of the most influential authors of the 20th century.
Here is a summary of
J.R.R. Tolkien's life and contributions:
1. Early Life and Education: Tolkien's early years were marked by tragedy,
with the loss of his father when he was just four years old. His mother, Mabel
Tolkien, ensured that he and his younger brother received a strong education.
Tolkien displayed an early fascination with languages, which would later become
a significant part of his life and work.
2. Academic Career: Tolkien excelled academically and went on to
study at Exeter College, Oxford, where he focused on philology and languages,
particularly Anglo-Saxon and Middle English. He later became a professor of
Anglo-Saxon at the University of Leeds and, eventually, the University of
Oxford.
3. World War I: Tolkien served as a signals officer in World
War I, an experience that deeply influenced his writing. It was during this
time that he began creating the languages, histories, and mythology that would
serve as the foundation for his fictional world.
4. Literary Works: Tolkien's most famous literary works are
"The Hobbit" (1937) and "The Lord of the Rings" trilogy
(1954-1955). These novels are set in the fictional world of Middle-earth and
are characterized by their intricate world-building, rich characters, and epic
quests. "The Lord of the Rings" is particularly celebrated for its
deep themes of heroism, friendship, and the struggle between good and evil.
5. Linguistic Expertise: Tolkien's passion for languages was a driving
force behind his creation of Middle-earth. He meticulously constructed multiple
languages, including Elvish and Dwarvish, complete with grammar rules and
scripts. His expertise in linguistics added a unique level of depth and
authenticity to his fictional world.
6. Legacy: J.R.R. Tolkien's works have left an enduring
legacy in literature and popular culture. "The Lord of the Rings" has
been adapted into successful film series directed by Peter Jackson, introducing
Tolkien's world to new generations. His influence extends to other authors,
artists, and creators who have drawn inspiration from Middle-earth.
7. Personal Life: Tolkien was a devout Catholic, and his faith
often influenced the moral and philosophical themes in his writings. He was a
family man, married to Edith Tolkien, with whom he had four children.
8. Posthumous Works: After Tolkien's death in 1973, his son
Christopher Tolkien continued to edit and publish his father's unpublished
works and notes, expanding the lore of Middle-earth. This includes "The
Silmarillion," "The Children of Húrin," and more.
J.R.R.
Tolkien's enduring contributions to literature, linguistics, and the fantasy
genre have solidified his place as a literary giant. His ability to create
entire worlds and languages has captivated readers for generations, making him
an author whose works continue to be celebrated and cherished worldwide.
Summary of "The Lord of the Rings" by J.R.R. Tolkien:
"The Fellowship of the Ring, The Two Towers, and The Return of the King are the three works that make up J.R.R. Tolkien's epic fantasy trilogy "The Lord of the Rings." The plot is on the travels of a young hobbit named Frodo Baggins and is situated in the made-up Middle-earth.
The One Ring, a potent and evil artefact made by the Dark Lord Sauron to control Middle-earth and subjugate all other rings, serves as the focal point of the story. The story begins when Frodo inherits the Ring from his uncle, Bilbo Baggins, and is tasked with the perilous mission to destroy it. With the guidance of the wizard Gandalf, Frodo forms a fellowship of diverse characters, including Aragorn, Legolas, Gimli, Boromir, Samwise, Merry, and Pippin.
Their journey takes them through various landscapes, encountering numerous challenges and adversaries, including the treacherous Gollum, the evil Nazgûl, and the armies of Sauron. As they progress, the fellowship is divided, and individual storylines unfold, each contributing to the larger quest to destroy the Ring.
The trilogy explores themes of heroism, friendship, the corrupting influence of power, and the struggle between good and evil. It is a timeless tale of adventure and self-discovery in a richly crafted world filled with unique races, cultures, and languages.
Ultimately, Frodo and Sam reach the fiery depths of Mount Doom, where the Ring must be destroyed to vanquish Sauron. The fate of Middle-earth hangs in the balance as they face their greatest challenge. The epic concludes with the aftermath of the Ring's destruction and the bittersweet resolution of the characters' destinies.
"The Lord of the Rings" is celebrated for its intricate world-building, memorable characters, and profound themes, making it one of the most influential and beloved works of fantasy literature ever written.
Chapters/ Volume of the Book "The Lord Of The Rings By J.R.R. Tolkien"
Volume I: The Fellowship of the
Ring
1.
A Long-Expected Party: The story begins in the Shire, where Bilbo Baggins celebrates
his eleventy-first (111th) birthday and passes on the One Ring to his nephew,
Frodo Baggins.
2.
The Shadow of the Past: Gandalf explains the history and significance of the Ring to
Frodo, setting the stage for their quest to destroy it.
3.
Three is Company: Frodo, along with Sam and Pippin, sets out on a perilous
journey to Rivendell, where they hope to find safety and guidance.
4.
A Short Cut to Mushrooms: The hobbits encounter danger in the Old Forest and are rescued
by Tom Bombadil.
5.
A Conspiracy Unmasked: The hobbits reach the village of Bree, where they meet Aragorn,
who becomes their protector and guide.
6.
The Old Forest: The hobbits continue their journey through the dangerous Old
Forest, facing various challenges.
7.
In the House of Tom Bombadil: Tom Bombadil and Goldberry provide the hobbits with respite and
advice.
8.
Fog on the Barrow-Downs: The hobbits encounter ancient barrows and face a terrifying
encounter with barrow-wights.
9.
At the Sign of The Prancing Pony: The hobbits reach the town of Bree and meet
Strider, who is revealed to be Aragorn, the ranger.
10.
Strider: Aragorn joins the
hobbits as they flee from the pursuing Ringwraiths.
11.
A Knife in the Dark: The hobbits, with Aragorn's help, evade the Ringwraiths and
make their way to Rivendell.
12.
Flight to the Ford: A dramatic chase ensues as the Ringwraiths close in on Frodo
and his companions, leading to a perilous river crossing.
Volume II: The Two Towers
1.
The Departure of Boromir: The Fellowship is broken, and Boromir meets his end defending
Merry and Pippin from orcs.
2.
The Riders of Rohan: Aragorn, Gimli, and Legolas pursue the orcs who have captured
Merry and Pippin.
3.
The Uruk-Hai:
Merry and Pippin's captors are revealed to be Uruk-hai, and they become
entangled in the struggles of Saruman and the orcs.
4.
Treebeard:
Merry and Pippin encounter Treebeard, an ancient Ent, and persuade him to take
action against Saruman.
5.
The White Rider: Gandalf returns from the dead as Gandalf the White and aids
King Théoden in Rohan.
6.
The King of the Golden Hall: Gandalf and company assist Théoden in breaking free from
Saruman's influence.
7.
Helm's Deep:
The people of Rohan face a massive assault at Helm's Deep, a stronghold in the
mountains.
8.
The Road to Isengard: Gandalf, Aragorn, Legolas, Gimli, and Théoden ride to Isengard
to confront Saruman.
9.
Flotsam and Jetsam: Merry and Pippin reunite with their friends and provide
valuable information about Saruman's plans.
10.
The Voice of Saruman: Saruman tries to manipulate the Fellowship, but Gandalf and the
others resist.
11.
The PalantÃr:
Pippin looks into the PalantÃr of Orthanc and sees disturbing visions.
12.
The Taming of Sméagol: Meanwhile, Frodo and Sam continue their journey to Mordor, and
Gollum becomes a central figure in their quest.
Volume III: The Return of the
King
1.
The Departure of Samwise: Samwise and Frodo, guided by Gollum, venture deeper into
Mordor.
2.
The Riders of Rohan: The battle for Gondor begins as the forces of Sauron lay siege
to the city.
3.
The Siege of Gondor: The people of Gondor face a desperate struggle as the enemy
attacks.
4.
The Ride of the Rohirrim: Théoden leads the Riders of Rohan to Gondor's aid, turning the
tide of battle.
5.
The Battle of the Pelennor Fields: The epic battle reaches its climax with the
arrival of Aragorn and the forces of Gondor.
6.
The Pyre of Denethor: Denethor, Gondor's steward, takes drastic measures, leading to
tragic consequences.
7.
The Houses of Healing: Aragorn's healing powers save Faramir and Éowyn, among others.
8.
The Last Debate: The leaders of the Free Peoples debate their next steps and
decide to confront Sauron directly.
9.
The Black Gate Opens: The Free Peoples march to the Black Gate of Mordor to distract
Sauron from Frodo's mission.
10.
Mount Doom:
Frodo, Sam, and Gollum reach Mount Doom, where the fate of the One Ring is
decided.
11.
The Field of Cormallen: The Ring is destroyed, and the surviving characters reunite for
a joyful conclusion.
12.
The Steward and the King: Aragorn is crowned King of Gondor, and peace is restored to
Middle-earth.
These
chapters are just a glimpse of the rich and immersive world created by J.R.R.
Tolkien in "The Lord of the Rings." Each chapter contributes to the
epic journey of the characters and the overarching quest to defeat the dark
lord Sauron and destroy the One Ring.
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